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Much of the work carried out by DTT is in support of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), an interagency partnership of the Food and Drug Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and NIEHS.

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Nicole Kleinstreuer, Ph.D.
Nicole Kleinstreuer, Ph.D.
Director, NICEATM
Tel 984-287-3150
[email protected]
530 Davis Dr
530 Davis Drive (Keystone Bldg)
Durham, NC 27713

Nicole C. Kleinstreuer, Ph.D., began her role as Acting Director of the NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) in 2020. NICEATM conducts data analyses, workshops, independent validation studies, and other activities to assess new, revised, and alternative test methods and strategies and provides support for the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM). Kleinstreuer leads NICEATM’s computational toxicology work, helps provide oversight of the NICEATM support contract, and works towards achieving the ICCVAM goals as articulated in the ICCVAM Authorization Act of 2000. She also holds a secondary appointment in the NIEHS Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch.

Prior to joining NTP, Kleinstreuer worked for Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., as a senior staff computational toxicologist and director of the ILS computational toxicology group supporting NICEATM.

Kleinstreuer received her Ph.D. in bioengineering from the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, and B.S. degrees in mathematics and biomedical engineering from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH). Prior to joining ILS, she completed postdoctoral training at the EPA National Center for Computational Toxicology. Kleinstreuer also maintains an adjunct faculty appointment at the Eshelman School of Pharmacy at UNC-CH.

Kleinstreuer’s research focuses on mathematical and computational modeling of biological systems and their susceptibility to perturbations that result in adverse health outcomes. She was a key contributor to a strategy that combines in vitro high throughput assay data with computational models for measuring estrogen receptor bioactivity. This strategy has been accepted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as an alternative to three existing Tier 1 tests in the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. She leads current efforts to identify alternative testing strategies to screen for androgen receptor bioactivity, as well as international efforts to facilitate regulatory acceptance of skin sensitization test methods that do not use animals. Kleinstreuer also worked closely with the Halifax Project and on associated NIEHS initiatives to identify low-dose chemical effects on cancer hallmark pathways.

Kleinstreuer has won numerous awards including the 2016 F. Clarke Fraser New Investigator Award from the Teratology Society, the 2015 Edward Carney Award for Predictive Toxicology from the American Society for Cellular and Computational Toxicology, an NIEHS group merit award, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund Innovation in Regulatory Science Award, the B.H. Neumann Prize from the Australian Mathematical Society, and the 2019 Society of Toxicology Achievement Award for her leadership and distinction in contributing to the field of toxicology, particularly in the areas of alternative toxicological methods and computational toxicology.

Selected Publications and Reports:

  1. Daniel AB, Choksi N, Abedini J, Bell S, Ceger P, Cook B, Karmaus AL, Rooney J, To KT, Allen D, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. Data curation to support toxicity assessments using the Integrated Chemical Environment. Front Toxicol 4:987848. [Abstract Daniel AB, Choksi N, Abedini J, Bell S, Ceger P, Cook B, Karmaus AL, Rooney J, To KT, Allen D, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. Data curation to support toxicity assessments using the Integrated Chemical Environment. Front Toxicol 4:987848.]
  2. Strickland J, Truax J, Corvaro M, Settivari R, Henriquez J, McFadden J, Gulledge T, Johnson V, Gehen S, Germolec D, Allen DG, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. Application of defined approaches for skin sensitization to agrochemical products. Front Toxicol 4:852856. [Abstract Strickland J, Truax J, Corvaro M, Settivari R, Henriquez J, McFadden J, Gulledge T, Johnson V, Gehen S, Germolec D, Allen DG, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. Application of defined approaches for skin sensitization to agrochemical products. Front Toxicol 4:852856.]
  3. Krishna S, Borrel A, Huang R, Zhao J, Xia M, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. High-Throughput Chemical Screening and Structure-Based Models to Predict hERG Inhibition. Biology (Basel). Jan 28;11(2):209. doi: 10.3390/biology11020209. [Abstract Krishna S, Borrel A, Huang R, Zhao J, Xia M, Kleinstreuer N. 2022. High-Throughput Chemical Screening and Structure-Based Models to Predict hERG Inhibition. Biology (Basel). Jan 28;11(2):209. doi: 10.3390/biology11020209.]
  4. Hamm J, Allen D, Ceger P, Flint T, Lowit A, O'Dell L, Tao J, Kleinstreuer N. 2021. Performance of the GHS Mixtures Equation for Predicting Acute Oral Toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Oct;125:105007. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105007. [Abstract Hamm J, Allen D, Ceger P, Flint T, Lowit A, O'Dell L, Tao J, Kleinstreuer N. 2021. Performance of the GHS Mixtures Equation for Predicting Acute Oral Toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. Oct;125:105007. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105007.]
  5. Abedini JA, Cook B, Bell S, Chang X, Choksi N, Daniel AB, Hines D, Karmaus AL, Mansouri K, McAfee E, Phillips J, Rooney J, Sprankle CS, Allen D, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N. 2021. Application of new approach methodologies: ICE tools to support chemical evaluations. Comput Toxicol. 20(Nov):100184. [Abstract Abedini JA, Cook B, Bell S, Chang X, Choksi N, Daniel AB, Hines D, Karmaus AL, Mansouri K, McAfee E, Phillips J, Rooney J, Sprankle CS, Allen D, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N. 2021. Application of new approach methodologies: ICE tools to support chemical evaluations. Comput Toxicol. 20(Nov):100184.]
  6. Mansouri K, Karmaus AL, Fitzpatrick J, Patlewicz G, Pradeep P, Alberga D, Alepee N, Allen TEH, Allen D, Alves VM, Andrade CH, Auernhammer TR, Ballabio D, Bell S, Benfenati E, Bhattacharya S, Bastos JV, Boyd S, Brown JB, Capuzzi SJ, Chushak Y, Ciallella H, Clark AM, Consonni V, Daga PR, Ekins S, Farag S, Fedorov M, Fourches D, Gadaleta D, Gao F, Gearhart JM, Goh G, Goodman JM, Grisoni F, Grulke CM, Hartung T, Hirn M, Karpov P, Korotcov A, Lavado GJ, Lawless M, Li X, Luechtefeld T, Lunghini F, Mangiatordi GF, Marcou G, Marsh D, Martin T, Mauri A, Muratov EN, Myatt GJ, Nguyen DT, Nicolotti O, Note R, Pande P, Parks AK, Peryea T, Polash AH, Rallo R, Roncaglioni A, Rowlands C, Ruiz P, Russo DP, Sayed A, Sayre R, Sheils T, Siegel C, Silva AC, Simeonov A, Sosnin S, Southall N, Strickland J, Tang Y, Teppen B, Tetko IV, Thomas D, Tkachenko V, Todeschini R, Toma C, Tripodi I, Trisciuzzi D, Tropsha A, Varnek A, Vukovic K, Wang Z, Wang L, Waters KM, Wedlake AJ, Wijeyesakere SJ, Wilson D, Xiao Z, Yang H, Zahoranszky-Kohalmi G, Zakharov AV, Zhang FF, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhu H, Zorn KM, Casey W, Kleinstreuer NC. 2021. CATMoS: Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite. Environ Health Perspect. 129(4):47013. [Abstract Mansouri K, Karmaus AL, Fitzpatrick J, Patlewicz G, Pradeep P, Alberga D, Alepee N, Allen TEH, Allen D, Alves VM, Andrade CH, Auernhammer TR, Ballabio D, Bell S, Benfenati E, Bhattacharya S, Bastos JV, Boyd S, Brown JB, Capuzzi SJ, Chushak Y, Ciallella H, Clark AM, Consonni V, Daga PR, Ekins S, Farag S, Fedorov M, Fourches D, Gadaleta D, Gao F, Gearhart JM, Goh G, Goodman JM, Grisoni F, Grulke CM, Hartung T, Hirn M, Karpov P, Korotcov A, Lavado GJ, Lawless M, Li X, Luechtefeld T, Lunghini F, Mangiatordi GF, Marcou G, Marsh D, Martin T, Mauri A, Muratov EN, Myatt GJ, Nguyen DT, Nicolotti O, Note R, Pande P, Parks AK, Peryea T, Polash AH, Rallo R, Roncaglioni A, Rowlands C, Ruiz P, Russo DP, Sayed A, Sayre R, Sheils T, Siegel C, Silva AC, Simeonov A, Sosnin S, Southall N, Strickland J, Tang Y, Teppen B, Tetko IV, Thomas D, Tkachenko V, Todeschini R, Toma C, Tripodi I, Trisciuzzi D, Tropsha A, Varnek A, Vukovic K, Wang Z, Wang L, Waters KM, Wedlake AJ, Wijeyesakere SJ, Wilson D, Xiao Z, Yang H, Zahoranszky-Kohalmi G, Zakharov AV, Zhang FF, Zhang Z, Zhao T, Zhu H, Zorn KM, Casey W, Kleinstreuer NC. 2021. CATMoS: Collaborative Acute Toxicity Modeling Suite. Environ Health Perspect. 129(4):47013.]
  7. Bell S, Abedini J, Ceger P, Chang X, Cook B, Karmaus AL, Lea I, Mansouri K, Phillips J, McAfee E, Rai R, Rooney J, Sprankle C, Tandon A, Allen D, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N. 2020. An integrated chemical environment with tools for chemical safety testing. Toxicol In Vitro; doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104916 [Online 14 June 2020]. [Abstract Bell S, Abedini J, Ceger P, Chang X, Cook B, Karmaus AL, Lea I, Mansouri K, Phillips J, McAfee E, Rai R, Rooney J, Sprankle C, Tandon A, Allen D, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N. 2020. An integrated chemical environment with tools for chemical safety testing. Toxicol In Vitro; doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104916 [Online 14 June 2020].]
  8. Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, Felsher DW, Gibbons CF, Goodson WH, Houck KA, Kane A, La Merrill MA, Lebrec H, Lowe L, McHale CM, Minocherhomji S, Rieswijk L, Sandy MS, Sone H, Wang A, Zhang L, Zeise L, and Fielden M. 2020. The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. [Abstract Smith MT, Guyton KZ, Kleinstreuer N, Borrel A, Cardenas A, Chiu WA, Felsher DW, Gibbons CF, Goodson WH, Houck KA, Kane A, La Merrill MA, Lebrec H, Lowe L, McHale CM, Minocherhomji S, Rieswijk L, Sandy MS, Sone H, Wang A, Zhang L, Zeise L, and Fielden M. 2020. The Key Characteristics of Carcinogens: Relationship to the Hallmarks of Cancer, Relevant Biomarkers, and Assays to Measure Them. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.]
  9. Borrel A, Huang R, Sakamuru S, Xia M, Simeonov A, Mansouri K, Houck KA, Judson RS, Kleinstreuer NC. 2020. High-Throughput Screening to Predict Chemical-Assay Interference. Sci Rep. Mar 4;10(1):3986. [Abstract Borrel A, Huang R, Sakamuru S, Xia M, Simeonov A, Mansouri K, Houck KA, Judson RS, Kleinstreuer NC. 2020. High-Throughput Screening to Predict Chemical-Assay Interference. Sci Rep. Mar 4;10(1):3986.]
  10. Wei Z, Liu X, Ooka M, Zhang L, Song MJ, Huang R, Kleinstreuer NC, Simeonov A, Xia M, Ferrer M. 2020. Two-Dimensional Cellular and Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Skin Models to Screen Topical-Use Compounds for Irritation Potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 8:109. [Abstract Wei Z, Liu X, Ooka M, Zhang L, Song MJ, Huang R, Kleinstreuer NC, Simeonov A, Xia M, Ferrer M. 2020. Two-Dimensional Cellular and Three-Dimensional Bio-Printed Skin Models to Screen Topical-Use Compounds for Irritation Potential. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 8:109.]
  11. Li X, Kleinstreuer NC, Fourches D. 2020. Hierarchical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling Approach for Integrating Binary, Multiclass, and Regression Models of Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 17;33(2):353-366. [Abstract Li X, Kleinstreuer NC, Fourches D. 2020. Hierarchical Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Modeling Approach for Integrating Binary, Multiclass, and Regression Models of Acute Oral Systemic Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 17;33(2):353-366.]
  12. Mansouri K, Kleinstreuer N, et al. 2020. CoMPARA: Collaborative Modeling Project for Androgen Receptor Activity. Environ Health Perspect. 128(2):27002. [Abstract Mansouri K, Kleinstreuer N, et al. 2020. CoMPARA: Collaborative Modeling Project for Androgen Receptor Activity. Environ Health Perspect. 128(2):27002.]
  13. Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. 2019. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 25(12):1822-1832. [Abstract Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. 2019. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med. 25(12):1822-1832.]
  14. Corton JC, Kleinstreuer NC, Judson RS. 2019. Identification of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals using gene expression biomarkers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 380:114683. [Abstract Corton JC, Kleinstreuer NC, Judson RS. 2019. Identification of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals using gene expression biomarkers. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 380:114683.]
  15. Patlewicz G, Lizarraga LE, Rua D, Allen DG, Daniel AB, Fitzpatrick SC, Garcia-Reyero N, Gordon J, Hakkinen P, Howard AS, Karmaus A, Matheson J, Mumtaz M, Richarz AN, Ruiz P, Scarano L, Yamada T, Kleinstreuer N. 2019. Exploring current read-across applications and needs among selected U.S. Federal Agencies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 106:197-209. [Abstract Patlewicz G, Lizarraga LE, Rua D, Allen DG, Daniel AB, Fitzpatrick SC, Garcia-Reyero N, Gordon J, Hakkinen P, Howard AS, Karmaus A, Matheson J, Mumtaz M, Richarz AN, Ruiz P, Scarano L, Yamada T, Kleinstreuer N. 2019. Exploring current read-across applications and needs among selected U.S. Federal Agencies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 106:197-209.]
  16. Saili KS, Franzosa JA, Baker NC, Ellis-Hutchings RG, Settivari RS, Carney EW, Spencer R, Zurlinden TJ, Kleinstreuer NC, Li S, Xia M, Knudsen TB. 2019. Systems Modeling of Developmental Vascular Toxicity. Curr Opin Toxicol. 15(1):55-63. [Abstract Saili KS, Franzosa JA, Baker NC, Ellis-Hutchings RG, Settivari RS, Carney EW, Spencer R, Zurlinden TJ, Kleinstreuer NC, Li S, Xia M, Knudsen TB. 2019. Systems Modeling of Developmental Vascular Toxicity. Curr Opin Toxicol. 15(1):55-63.]
  17. Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Kleinstreuer NC, Pham W, Sadikot RT. 2019. Mice-to-men comparison of inhaled drug-aerosol deposition and clearance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 260:82-94. [Abstract Kolanjiyil AV, Kleinstreuer C, Kleinstreuer NC, Pham W, Sadikot RT. 2019. Mice-to-men comparison of inhaled drug-aerosol deposition and clearance. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 260:82-94.]
  18. Strickland J, Daniel AB, Allen D, Aguila C, Ahir S, Bancos S, Craig E, Germolec D, Ghosh C, Hudson NL, Jacobs A, Lehmann DM, Matheson J, Reinke EN, Sadrieh N, Vukmanovic S, Kleinstreuer N. 2019. Skin sensitization testing needs and data uses by US regulatory and research agencies. Arch Toxicol. 93(2):273-291. [Abstract Strickland J, Daniel AB, Allen D, Aguila C, Ahir S, Bancos S, Craig E, Germolec D, Ghosh C, Hudson NL, Jacobs A, Lehmann DM, Matheson J, Reinke EN, Sadrieh N, Vukmanovic S, Kleinstreuer N. 2019. Skin sensitization testing needs and data uses by US regulatory and research agencies. Arch Toxicol. 93(2):273-291.]
  19. Judson RS, Thomas RS, Baker N, Simha A, Howey XM, Marable C, Kleinstreuer NC, Houck KA. 2019. Workflow for defining reference chemicals for assessing performance of in vitro assays. ALTEX. 36(2):261-276. [Abstract Judson RS, Thomas RS, Baker N, Simha A, Howey XM, Marable C, Kleinstreuer NC, Houck KA. 2019. Workflow for defining reference chemicals for assessing performance of in vitro assays. ALTEX. 36(2):261-276.]
  20. Borrel A, Kleinstreuer NC, Fourches D. 2018. Exploring drug space with ChemMaps.com. Bioinformatics. 34(21):3773-3775. [Abstract Borrel A, Kleinstreuer NC, Fourches D. 2018. Exploring drug space with ChemMaps.com. Bioinformatics. 34(21):3773-3775.]
  21. Chang X, David DG, Ceger PC, Choksi N, Hsieh JH, Wetmore BA, Ferguson SS, DeVito MJ, Sprankle C, Casey WM, Kleinstreuer NC. 2018. Evaluation and Optimization of Pharmacokinetic Models for in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation of Estrogenic Activity for Environmental Chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 126(9). [Abstract Chang X, David DG, Ceger PC, Choksi N, Hsieh JH, Wetmore BA, Ferguson SS, DeVito MJ, Sprankle C, Casey WM, Kleinstreuer NC. 2018. Evaluation and Optimization of Pharmacokinetic Models for in Vitro to in Vivo Extrapolation of Estrogenic Activity for Environmental Chemicals. Environ Health Perspect. 126(9).]
  22. Bell SM, Phillips J, Sedykh A, Sprankle C, Morefield SQ, Allen D, Maull EA, Casey WM, Kleinstreuer NC. 2017. An Integrated Chemical Environment to Support 21st Century Toxicology. Environ Health Perspect. 125(5):054501 [Abstract Bell SM, Phillips J, Sedykh A, Sprankle C, Morefield SQ, Allen D, Maull EA, Casey WM, Kleinstreuer NC. 2017. An Integrated Chemical Environment to Support 21st Century Toxicology. Environ Health Perspect. 125(5):054501]
  23. Kleinstreuer NC, Sullivan K, Allen D, Edwards S, Mendrick DL, Embry M, Matheson J, Rowlands JC, Munn S, Maull E, Casey W. 2016. Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation. Scientific Workshop Report. Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology 76:39-50. [Abstract Kleinstreuer NC, Sullivan K, Allen D, Edwards S, Mendrick DL, Embry M, Matheson J, Rowlands JC, Munn S, Maull E, Casey W. 2016. Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation. Scientific Workshop Report. Regulatory Toxicology & Pharmacology 76:39-50.]
  24. Kleinstreuer NC, Ceger P, Allen D, Strickland J, Chang X, Hamm J, Casey W. 2015. A Curated Database of Rodent Uterotrophic Bioactivity. Environ Health Perspect. [Abstract Kleinstreuer NC, Ceger P, Allen D, Strickland J, Chang X, Hamm J, Casey W. 2015. A Curated Database of Rodent Uterotrophic Bioactivity. Environ Health Perspect.]
  25. Browne P, Judson R, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N, Thomas R. 2015. Screening Chemicals for Estrogen Receptor Bioactivity Using a Computational Model. Environ Sci Technol. 49(14):8804-14. [Abstract Browne P, Judson R, Casey W, Kleinstreuer N, Thomas R. 2015. Screening Chemicals for Estrogen Receptor Bioactivity Using a Computational Model. Environ Sci Technol. 49(14):8804-14.]
  26. Hu Z, Brooks SA, Dormoy V, Hsu C, Hsu H, Lin L, Massfelder T, Rathmell WK, Xia M, Kleinstreuer NC. 2015. Environmental Chemicals in Tumor Angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 36: S184-S202. [Abstract Hu Z, Brooks SA, Dormoy V, Hsu C, Hsu H, Lin L, Massfelder T, Rathmell WK, Xia M, Kleinstreuer NC. 2015. Environmental Chemicals in Tumor Angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 36: S184-S202.]
  27. Kleinstreuer N, Houck K, Yang J, Knudsen T, Dix D, Kavlock R, Richard A, Martin M, Reif D, Judson R, Polokoff M, Berg E. 2014. Phenotypic screening of the ToxCast chemical library to classify toxic and therapeutic mechanisms. Nat Biotechnol. 32, 583-591. [Abstract Kleinstreuer N, Houck K, Yang J, Knudsen T, Dix D, Kavlock R, Richard A, Martin M, Reif D, Judson R, Polokoff M, Berg E. 2014. Phenotypic screening of the ToxCast chemical library to classify toxic and therapeutic mechanisms. Nat Biotechnol. 32, 583-591.]
  28. Kleinstreuer N, Dix D, Rountree M, Baker N, Sipes N, Reif D, Spencer R, Knudsen T. 2013. A Computational Model Predicting Disruption of Blood Vessel Development. PLoS Comput Biol 9(4): e1002996. [Abstract Kleinstreuer N, Dix D, Rountree M, Baker N, Sipes N, Reif D, Spencer R, Knudsen T. 2013. A Computational Model Predicting Disruption of Blood Vessel Development. PLoS Comput Biol 9(4): e1002996.]
  29. Kleinstreuer N, Dix D, Houck K, Kavlock R, Knudsen T, Martin M, Paul K, Reif D, Crofton K, Hamilton K, Hunter R, Shah I, Judson R. 2013. In vitro Perturbations of Targets in Cancer Hallmark Processes Predict Rodent Chemical Carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci. 131(1):40-55. [Abstract Kleinstreuer N, Dix D, Houck K, Kavlock R, Knudsen T, Martin M, Paul K, Reif D, Crofton K, Hamilton K, Hunter R, Shah I, Judson R. 2013. In vitro Perturbations of Targets in Cancer Hallmark Processes Predict Rodent Chemical Carcinogenesis. Toxicol Sci. 131(1):40-55.]
  30. Knudsen TB, Kleinstreuer NC. 2012. Disruption of Embryonic Vascular Development in Predictive Toxicology. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today, 93(4). [Abstract Knudsen TB, Kleinstreuer NC. 2012. Disruption of Embryonic Vascular Development in Predictive Toxicology. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today, 93(4).]
  31. Kleinstreuer NC, Smith AM, West PR, Conard KR, Fontaine BR, Weir-Hauptman AM, Palmer JA, Knudsen TB, Dix DJ, Donley EL, Cezar GG. 2011. Identifying Developmental Toxicity Pathways for a Subset of ToxCast Chemicals Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Metabolomics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 257(1): 111-21. [Abstract Kleinstreuer NC, Smith AM, West PR, Conard KR, Fontaine BR, Weir-Hauptman AM, Palmer JA, Knudsen TB, Dix DJ, Donley EL, Cezar GG. 2011. Identifying Developmental Toxicity Pathways for a Subset of ToxCast Chemicals Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Metabolomics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 257(1): 111-21.]
  32. Kleinstreuer N, Judson R, Reif D, Sipes N, Singh A, Chandler KJ, DeWoskin R, Dix D, Kavlock R and Knudsen T. 2011. Environmental Impact on Vascular Development Predicted by High Throughput Screening (HTS). Environ Health Perspect. 119(11): 1596-603. [Abstract Kleinstreuer N, Judson R, Reif D, Sipes N, Singh A, Chandler KJ, DeWoskin R, Dix D, Kavlock R and Knudsen T. 2011. Environmental Impact on Vascular Development Predicted by High Throughput Screening (HTS). Environ Health Perspect. 119(11): 1596-603.]