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Reproductive Physiology & Pathophysiology

Research Summary

Skand Shekhar, M.D., M.H.Sc., is a clinician investigator in endocrinology and reproduction with a special interest in studying the relationship between metabolism and reproductive disorders. As the deputy leader of the Reproductive Physiology and Pathophysiology group led by Janet E. Hall, M.D., M.S., at NIEHS, Shekhar attends to patients with metabolic and genetic disorders of reproductive endocrine function, including idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), Kallmann syndrome, puberty disorders, menstrual disorders, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). His research studies the interplay between lifestyle, sleep, diet, and the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in humans focused on the interaction between stress (cortisol), thyroid, and reproductive axes. He has additional interests in rare neoplasms such as Cushing syndrome and Erdheim-Chester disease.

Shekhar is the principal investigator of the OBSERVE Study, a clinical study of reproductive endocrine disorders and environmental factors and a lead investigator on multiple NIEHS/NIH protocols, including The Role of Gonadotropin Pulsations in the Regulation of Puberty and Fertility (12-E-0050), the Molecular Basis of Inherited Reproductive Disorders (12-E-0049), Carefree Study (Calorie Restriction, Environment, and Fitness: Reproductive Effects Evaluation) (16-E-0157). In addition, he serves on several committees for the NIH, NIEHS, the Endocrine Society and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and served as the interim medical director of the NIEHS Clinical Research Unit (2023-2024). As a core faculty member of NIH’s Inter-institute Endocrinology Training Program, Shekhar is involved in the training of clinical and research fellows and serves as an attending physician on the endocrinology and diabetes consult service at NIH Clinical Center

Shekhar completed his clinical and research training in adult endocrinology at NIH, focusing on reproductive endocrinology, under Hall’s mentorship, and received a Masters in Health Sciences from Duke University School of Medicine. Previously, Shekhar attended medical school at the University of Delhi, India, followed by residency training in internal medicine and chief medical residency at Saint Peter’s University Hospital/Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Jersey. He is board-certified in internal medicine and endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Additionally, he serves as an editor and reviewer for high-impact scientific journals. He is an elected fellow of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American College of Physicians, and the Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh, UK).

Selected Publications

  1. Shekhar S, McGlotten RN, Cutler GB Jr, Crowley MJ, Pieper CF, Nieman LK, Hall JE. 2024. Longitudinal Evaluation of Reproductive Endocrine Function in Men with ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024 Jul 17:dgae497. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae497. Epub ahead of print. [ Abstract Shekhar S, McGlotten RN, Cutler GB Jr, Crowley MJ, Pieper CF, Nieman LK, Hall JE. 2024. Longitudinal Evaluation of Reproductive Endocrine Function in Men with ACTH-Dependent Cushing Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024 Jul 17:dgae497. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgae497. Epub ahead of print. ]
  2. Brown EDL, Obeng-Gyasi B, Hall JE, Shekhar S. 2023. The Thyroid Hormone Axis and Female Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 24(12):9815. doi: 10.3390/ijms24129815. [ Abstract Brown EDL, Obeng-Gyasi B, Hall JE, Shekhar S. 2023. The Thyroid Hormone Axis and Female Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 24(12):9815. doi: 10.3390/ijms24129815. ]
  3. Barrera FJ, Brown EDL, Rojo A, Obeso J, Plata H, Lincango EP, Terry N, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R, Hall JE, Shekhar S. 2023. Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and classification of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1106625. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106625. [ Abstract Barrera FJ, Brown EDL, Rojo A, Obeso J, Plata H, Lincango EP, Terry N, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez R, Hall JE, Shekhar S. 2023. Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and classification of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 14:1106625. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106625. ]
  4. Shekhar S, McGlotten R, Auh S, Rother KI, Nieman LK. 2021. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Cushing Syndrome Before and After Curative Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(3):e1316-e1331. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa858. [ Abstract Shekhar S, McGlotten R, Auh S, Rother KI, Nieman LK. 2021. The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Cushing Syndrome Before and After Curative Surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 106(3):e1316-e1331. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa858. ]
  5. Shekhar S, Sinaii N, Irizarry-Caro JA, Gahl WA, Estrada-Veras JI, Dave R, Papadakis GZ, Tirosh A, Abel BS, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Skarulis MC, Gochuico BR, O'Brien K, Hannah-Shmouni F. 2020. Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients With Erdheim-Chester Disease. JAMA Netw Open 3(10):e2019169. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19169. [ Abstract Shekhar S, Sinaii N, Irizarry-Caro JA, Gahl WA, Estrada-Veras JI, Dave R, Papadakis GZ, Tirosh A, Abel BS, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Skarulis MC, Gochuico BR, O'Brien K, Hannah-Shmouni F. 2020. Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Patients With Erdheim-Chester Disease. JAMA Netw Open 3(10):e2019169. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.19169. ]
  6. Kumar A, Shekhar S, Dhole B. 2014. Thyroid and male reproduction. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 18(1):23-31. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.126523. [ Abstract Kumar A, Shekhar S, Dhole B. 2014. Thyroid and male reproduction. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 18(1):23-31. doi: 10.4103/2230-8210.126523. ]