Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch

Research Summary

Keith Shockley, Ph.D., is a staff scientist in the Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch and serves as principal statistician for the National Toxicology Program (NTP). In this role he provides advice and guidance in the design, analysis, and interpretation of results for NTP studies. He contributes statistical and computational support to numerous NTP efforts, including general toxicology and carcinogenesis, developmental and reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicology, immunotoxicity, toxicogenomics, high throughput screening, and alternative testing models. His duties also involve technical oversight and management of the daily work performed by the statistical support contractor.

Shockley develops novel approaches to detect potentially hazardous substances and minimize false negatives in toxicology research and testing. This work involves statistical challenges such as rare events data, adjustment for covariates, data with clustered structures, and high dimensional data analysis. He collaborates extensively with scientists to elucidate potentially adverse responses using rodent bioassays, experimental pathology, functional genomics, chemical mixtures, and alternatives to animal testing. These activities include efforts to find gene expression response patterns associated with spontaneous and chemical-induced carcinogenesis, and identifying putative toxicants from in vitro screening experiments conducted within the Tox21 program.

Selected Publications by Research Area

Statistics and Computational Methods Development

  1. Harris SF, McBride SJ, Smith MV, Cunny HC, Shockley KR. 2022. Analysis of incidence data in developmental toxicity studies: Statistical tests to account for litter effects in fetal defect data. Birth Defects Res doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2120. [Online 8 Nov 2022] [Abstract Harris SF, McBride SJ, Smith MV, Cunny HC, Shockley KR. 2022. Analysis of incidence data in developmental toxicity studies: Statistical tests to account for litter effects in fetal defect data. Birth Defects Res doi: 10.1002/bdr2.2120. [Online 8 Nov 2022]]
  2. Shockley KR, Gupta S, Harris SF, Lahiri SN, Peddada SD. Quality control of quantitative high throughput screening data. Frontiers in Genetics 2019 10:387. [Abstract Shockley KR, Gupta S, Harris SF, Lahiri SN, Peddada SD. Quality control of quantitative high throughput screening data. Frontiers in Genetics 2019 10:387.]
  3. Shockley KR and Kissling GE. Statistical guidance for reviewers of Toxicologic Pathology. Toxicologic Pathology 2018 46: 647-652. [Abstract Shockley KR and Kissling GE. Statistical guidance for reviewers of Toxicologic Pathology. Toxicologic Pathology 2018 46: 647-652.]
  4. Shockley KR. Estimating potency in high-throughput screening experiments by maximizing the rate of change in weighted Shannon entropy. Scientific Reports 2016 6:27897. [Abstract Shockley KR. Estimating potency in high-throughput screening experiments by maximizing the rate of change in weighted Shannon entropy. Scientific Reports 2016 6:27897.]
  5. Shockley KR. Quantitative high-throughput screening data analysis: challenges and recent advances. Drug Discovery Today 2015 20(3):296-300. [Abstract Shockley KR. Quantitative high-throughput screening data analysis: challenges and recent advances. Drug Discovery Today 2015 20(3):296-300.]
  6. Shockley KR. Using weighted entropy to rank chemicals in quantitative high-throughput screening experiments. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2014 19(3):344-353. [Abstract Shockley KR. Using weighted entropy to rank chemicals in quantitative high-throughput screening experiments. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2014 19(3):344-353.]
  7. Ray M, Shockley K, Kissling G. Minimizing systematic errors in quantitative high throughput screening data using standardization, background subtraction, and non-parametric regression. Journal of Experimental Secondary Science 2014 3(2). [Abstract Ray M, Shockley K, Kissling G. Minimizing systematic errors in quantitative high throughput screening data using standardization, background subtraction, and non-parametric regression. Journal of Experimental Secondary Science 2014 3(2).]
  8. Shockley KR. A three-stage algorithm to make toxicologically relevant activity calls from quantitative high throughput screening data. Environmental Health Perspectives 2012 120(8):1107-15. [Abstract Shockley KR. A three-stage algorithm to make toxicologically relevant activity calls from quantitative high throughput screening data. Environmental Health Perspectives 2012 120(8):1107-15.]
  9. Li R, Tsaih SW, Shockley K, Stylianou IM, Wergedal J, Paigen B, Churchill GA. Structural model analysis of multiple quantitative traits. PLoS Genetics 2006 2(7):e114. [Abstract Li R, Tsaih SW, Shockley K, Stylianou IM, Wergedal J, Paigen B, Churchill GA. Structural model analysis of multiple quantitative traits. PLoS Genetics 2006 2(7):e114.]

In Vitro Screening

  1. Hsieh JH, Smith-Roe SL, Huang R, Sedykh A, Shockley KR, Auerbach SS, Merrick BA, Xia M, Tice RR, Witt KL. (2019). Identifying compounds with genotoxicity potential using Tox21 high-throughput screening assays. Chem Res Toxicol (in press). [Abstract Hsieh JH, Smith-Roe SL, Huang R, Sedykh A, Shockley KR, Auerbach SS, Merrick BA, Xia M, Tice RR, Witt KL. (2019). Identifying compounds with genotoxicity potential using Tox21 high-throughput screening assays. Chem Res Toxicol (in press).]
  2. Boyd WA, Smith MV, Co CA, Pirone JR, Rice JR, Shockley KR, Freedman JH. Developmental effects of the ToxCast™ Phase I and II chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans and corresponding responses in zebrafish, rats, and rabbits. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016 124(5):586-593. [Abstract Boyd WA, Smith MV, Co CA, Pirone JR, Rice JR, Shockley KR, Freedman JH. Developmental effects of the ToxCast™ Phase I and II chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans and corresponding responses in zebrafish, rats, and rabbits. Environmental Health Perspectives 2016 124(5):586-593.]
  3. Pei Y, Peng J, Behl M, Sipes NS, Shockley KR, Rao MS, Tice RR, Zeng X. Comparative neurotoxicity screening in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes. Brain Research 2016 1638(Pt A):57-73. [Abstract Pei Y, Peng J, Behl M, Sipes NS, Shockley KR, Rao MS, Tice RR, Zeng X. Comparative neurotoxicity screening in human iPSC-derived neural stem cells, neurons and astrocytes. Brain Research 2016 1638(Pt A):57-73.]
  4. Chen S, Hsieh JH, Huang R, Sakamuru S , Hsin LY, Xia M, Shockley KR, Auerbach S, Kanaya N, Lu H, Svoboda D, Witt KL, Merrick BA, Teng CT, Tice RR. Cell-based high-throughput screening for aromatase inhibitors in the Tox21 10K library. Toxicological Sciences 2015 147(2):446-457. [Abstract Chen S, Hsieh JH, Huang R, Sakamuru S , Hsin LY, Xia M, Shockley KR, Auerbach S, Kanaya N, Lu H, Svoboda D, Witt KL, Merrick BA, Teng CT, Tice RR. Cell-based high-throughput screening for aromatase inhibitors in the Tox21 10K library. Toxicological Sciences 2015 147(2):446-457.]
  5. Huang R, Sakamuru S, Martin MT, Reif DM, Judson RS, Houck KA, Casey W, Hsieh JH, Shockley KR, Ceger P, Fostel J, Witt KL, Tong W, Rotroff DM, Zhao T, Shinn P, Simeonov A, Dix DJ, Austin CP, Kavlock RJ, Tice RR, Xia M. Profiling of the Tox21 10K compound library for agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway.Scientific Reports 2014 4:5664. [Abstract Huang R, Sakamuru S, Martin MT, Reif DM, Judson RS, Houck KA, Casey W, Hsieh JH, Shockley KR, Ceger P, Fostel J, Witt KL, Tong W, Rotroff DM, Zhao T, Shinn P, Simeonov A, Dix DJ, Austin CP, Kavlock RJ, Tice RR, Xia M. Profiling of the Tox21 10K compound library for agonists and antagonists of the estrogen receptor alpha signaling pathway.Scientific Reports 2014 4:5664.]
  6. Teng CT, Goodwin B, Shockley K, Xia M, Huang R, Norris J, Merrick BA, Jetten AM, Austin CP, Tice RR. Bisphenol A affects androgen receptor function via multiple mechanisms. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2013 203(3): 556-564. [Abstract Teng CT, Goodwin B, Shockley K, Xia M, Huang R, Norris J, Merrick BA, Jetten AM, Austin CP, Tice RR. Bisphenol A affects androgen receptor function via multiple mechanisms. Chemico-Biological Interactions 2013 203(3): 556-564.]

Toxicology

  1. Shockley KR, Cora MC, Malarkey DE, Jackson-Humbles D, Vallant M, Collins BJ, Mutlu E, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S, Zmarowski A, Machesky N, Richey J, Harbo S, Cheng E, Patton K, Sparrow B, Dunnick JK. Transcriptomic data from the rat liver after five days of exposure to legacy or emerging brominated flame retardants. Data Brief 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106136 [Abstract Shockley KR, Cora MC, Malarkey DE, Jackson-Humbles D, Vallant M, Collins BJ, Mutlu E, Robinson VG, Waidyanatha S, Zmarowski A, Machesky N, Richey J, Harbo S, Cheng E, Patton K, Sparrow B, Dunnick JK. Transcriptomic data from the rat liver after five days of exposure to legacy or emerging brominated flame retardants. Data Brief 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106136]
  2. Moore RR, Nagai H, Miller RA, Hardisty JF, Allison N, Shockley KR, Malarkey DE. Comparative incidences and biological outcomes for thymoma in various rat strains in National Toxicology Program studies. Toxicol Pathol 2019 47(7):833-841. [Abstract Moore RR, Nagai H, Miller RA, Hardisty JF, Allison N, Shockley KR, Malarkey DE. Comparative incidences and biological outcomes for thymoma in various rat strains in National Toxicology Program studies. Toxicol Pathol 2019 47(7):833-841.]
  3. Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Pandiri AR, Kissling GE, Gerrish KE, Ton TV, Wilson RE, Brar SS, Brix AE, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Morgan DL. PBDE-47 and PBDE mixture (DE-71) toxicities and liver transcriptomic changes at PND22 after in utero/postnatal exposure in the rat. Archives of Toxicology 2018 92:3415-3433. [Abstract Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Pandiri AR, Kissling GE, Gerrish KE, Ton TV, Wilson RE, Brar SS, Brix AE, Waidyanatha S, Mutlu E, Morgan DL. PBDE-47 and PBDE mixture (DE-71) toxicities and liver transcriptomic changes at PND22 after in utero/postnatal exposure in the rat. Archives of Toxicology 2018 92:3415-3433.]
  4. Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sutton D, Cummings CA, Wang Y, Foley JF, Behl M, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Reduced disc shedding and phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment contributes to kava kava extract-induced retinal degeneration in F344/N rats. Toxicologic Pathology 2018 46: 564-573. [Abstract Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sutton D, Cummings CA, Wang Y, Foley JF, Behl M, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Reduced disc shedding and phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment contributes to kava kava extract-induced retinal degeneration in F344/N rats. Toxicologic Pathology 2018 46: 564-573.]
  5. Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, Brix A, Travlos GS, Gerrish K, Michael Sanders J, Ton TV, Pandiri AR. Hepatic transcriptomic alterations for N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and p-toluidine after 5-day exposure in rats. Archives of Toxicology 2017 91(4):1685-1696. [Abstract Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, Brix A, Travlos GS, Gerrish K, Michael Sanders J, Ton TV, Pandiri AR. Hepatic transcriptomic alterations for N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and p-toluidine after 5-day exposure in rats. Archives of Toxicology 2017 91(4):1685-1696.]
  6. Dunnick JK, Morgan DL, Elmore SA, Gerrish K, Pandiri A, Ton TV, Shockley KR, Merrick BA. Tetrabromobisphenol A activates the hepatic interferon pathway in rats. Toxicology Letters 2017 266(15):32-41. [Abstract Dunnick JK, Morgan DL, Elmore SA, Gerrish K, Pandiri A, Ton TV, Shockley KR, Merrick BA. Tetrabromobisphenol A activates the hepatic interferon pathway in rats. Toxicology Letters 2017 266(15):32-41.]
  7. Dunnick, J.K., Merrick, B.A., Brix, A., Morgan, D.L., Gerrish, K., Wang, Y., Flake, G., Foley, J., Shockley, K.R. Molecular changes in the nasal cavity after N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine exposure. Toxicol. Path. 44(6), 835-847, 2016. [Abstract Dunnick, J.K., Merrick, B.A., Brix, A., Morgan, D.L., Gerrish, K., Wang, Y., Flake, G., Foley, J., Shockley, K.R. Molecular changes in the nasal cavity after N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine exposure. Toxicol. Path. 44(6), 835-847, 2016.]
  8. Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, et al. 2017. Hepatic transcriptomic alterations for N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and p-toluidine after 5-day exposure in rats. Archives of toxicology 91(4):1685-1696 [Abstract Dunnick JK, Shockley KR, Morgan DL, et al. 2017. Hepatic transcriptomic alterations for N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMPT) and p-toluidine after 5-day exposure in rats. Archives of toxicology 91(4):1685-1696]
  9. Hayes SA, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Hong HH, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish K, Wyde M, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Renal cell carcinomas in vinylidene chloride-exposed male B6C3F1 mice are characterized by oxidative stress and TP53 pathway dysregulation. Toxicologic Pathology 2016 44(1): 71-87. [Abstract Hayes SA, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Hong HH, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish K, Wyde M, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Renal cell carcinomas in vinylidene chloride-exposed male B6C3F1 mice are characterized by oxidative stress and TP53 pathway dysregulation. Toxicologic Pathology 2016 44(1): 71-87.]
  10. Bhusari S, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Wang Y, Foley J, Hong HH, Ton TV, DeVito M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Malarkey DE, Hooth MJ, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Genomic profiling reveals unique molecular alterations in hepatoblastomas and adjacent hepatocellular carcinomas in B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicological Pathology 2015 43(8): 1114-1126. [Abstract Bhusari S, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Wang Y, Foley J, Hong HH, Ton TV, DeVito M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Malarkey DE, Hooth MJ, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Genomic profiling reveals unique molecular alterations in hepatoblastomas and adjacent hepatocellular carcinomas in B6C3F1 Mice. Toxicological Pathology 2015 43(8): 1114-1126.]
  11. Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Bhusari S, Hong L, Ton TV, Clayton NP, Wyde M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Gene expression of mesothelioma in vinylidene chloride-exposed F344/N rats reveal immune dysfunction, tissue damage, and inflammation pathways. 2015 Toxicologic Patholology 43(2): 171-185. [Abstract Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Nagai H, Bhusari S, Hong L, Ton TV, Clayton NP, Wyde M, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. Gene expression of mesothelioma in vinylidene chloride-exposed F344/N rats reveal immune dysfunction, tissue damage, and inflammation pathways. 2015 Toxicologic Patholology 43(2): 171-185.]
  12. Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. (2013). Spontaneous mesotheliomas in F344/N rats are characterized by dysregulation of cellular growth and immune function pathways. Toxicologic Pathology 42(5):863-876. [Abstract Blackshear PE, Pandiri AR, Ton TV, Clayton NP, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sills RC, Hoenerhoff MJ. (2013). Spontaneous mesotheliomas in F344/N rats are characterized by dysregulation of cellular growth and immune function pathways. Toxicologic Pathology 42(5):863-876.]
  13. Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Snyder SA, Hong HH, Ton TV, Peddada S, Shockley K, Chan P, Rider C, Kooistra L, Nyska A, Sills RC. (2013). Hepatocellular carcinomas in B6C3F1 mice treated with Ginkgo biloba extract for two years differ from spontaneous liver tumors in cancer gene mutations and genomic pathways. Toxicologic Pathology 41(6):826-841. [Abstract Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Snyder SA, Hong HH, Ton TV, Peddada S, Shockley K, Chan P, Rider C, Kooistra L, Nyska A, Sills RC. (2013). Hepatocellular carcinomas in B6C3F1 mice treated with Ginkgo biloba extract for two years differ from spontaneous liver tumors in cancer gene mutations and genomic pathways. Toxicologic Pathology 41(6):826-841.]
  14. Pandiri AR, Sill RC, Ziglioli V, Ton TV, Hong HH, Lahousse SA, Gerrish KE, Auerbach SS, Shockley KR, Bushel PR, Peddada SD, Hoenerhoff MJ. (2012). Differential transcriptomic analysis of spontaneous lung tumors in B6C3F1 Mice: comparison to human non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicologic Pathology 40(8):1141-1159. [Abstract Pandiri AR, Sill RC, Ziglioli V, Ton TV, Hong HH, Lahousse SA, Gerrish KE, Auerbach SS, Shockley KR, Bushel PR, Peddada SD, Hoenerhoff MJ. (2012). Differential transcriptomic analysis of spontaneous lung tumors in B6C3F1 Mice: comparison to human non-small cell lung cancer. Toxicologic Pathology 40(8):1141-1159.]
  15. Dunnick JK , Brix A, Cunny H, Vallant M , Shockley KR. Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ether toxicity in Wistar Han rats and use of liver microarray data for predicting disease susceptibilities. Toxicologic Pathology 2012 40(1):93-106. [Abstract Dunnick JK , Brix A, Cunny H, Vallant M , Shockley KR. Characterization of polybrominated diphenyl ether toxicity in Wistar Han rats and use of liver microarray data for predicting disease susceptibilities. Toxicologic Pathology 2012 40(1):93-106.]
  16. Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Lahousse SA, Hong HH, Ton TV, Auerbach SS, Gerrish K, Bushel PR, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Sills RC. Global gene expression profiling of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma in B6C3F1 mice: similarities in the molecular landscape with human liver cancer. Toxicologic Pathology 2011 39(4):678-699. [Abstract Hoenerhoff MJ, Pandiri AR, Lahousse SA, Hong HH, Ton TV, Auerbach SS, Gerrish K, Bushel PR, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Sills RC. Global gene expression profiling of spontaneous hepatocellular carcinoma in B6C3F1 mice: similarities in the molecular landscape with human liver cancer. Toxicologic Pathology 2011 39(4):678-699.]

Genetics and Complex Traits Analysis

  1. French JE, Gatti DM, Morgan DL, Kissling GE, Shockley KR, Knudsen GA, Shepard KG, Price HC, King D, Witt KL, Pedersen LC, Munger SC, Svenson KL, Churchill GA. Diversity outbred mice identify population-based exposure thresholds and genetic factors that influence benzene-induced genotoxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015 123(3): 237-245. [Abstract French JE, Gatti DM, Morgan DL, Kissling GE, Shockley KR, Knudsen GA, Shepard KG, Price HC, King D, Witt KL, Pedersen LC, Munger SC, Svenson KL, Churchill GA. Diversity outbred mice identify population-based exposure thresholds and genetic factors that influence benzene-induced genotoxicity. Environmental Health Perspectives 2015 123(3): 237-245.]
  2. Arnardottir ES, Nikonova EV, Shockley KR, Podtelezhnikov AA, Anafi RC, Tanis KQ, Maislin G, Stone DJ, Renger JJ, Winrow CJ, Pack AI. Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation. Sleep 2014 37(10):1589-1600. [Abstract Arnardottir ES, Nikonova EV, Shockley KR, Podtelezhnikov AA, Anafi RC, Tanis KQ, Maislin G, Stone DJ, Renger JJ, Winrow CJ, Pack AI. Blood-gene expression reveals reduced circadian rhythmicity in individuals resistant to sleep deprivation. Sleep 2014 37(10):1589-1600.]
  3. Shockley KR, Witmer D, Burgess-Herbert SL, Paigen B, Churchill GA. Effects of atherogenic diet on hepatic gene expression across mouse strains. Physiological Genomics 2009 39(3):172-182. [Abstract Shockley KR, Witmer D, Burgess-Herbert SL, Paigen B, Churchill GA. Effects of atherogenic diet on hepatic gene expression across mouse strains. Physiological Genomics 2009 39(3):172-182.]
  4. Ackert-Bicknell CL, Shockley KR, Horton LG, Lecka-Czernik B, Churchill GA, Rosen CL. Strain specific effects of Rosiglitazone on bone mass, body composition and serum IGF-1. Endocrinology 2009 150(3):1330-1340. [Abstract Ackert-Bicknell CL, Shockley KR, Horton LG, Lecka-Czernik B, Churchill GA, Rosen CL. Strain specific effects of Rosiglitazone on bone mass, body composition and serum IGF-1. Endocrinology 2009 150(3):1330-1340.]
  5. Stylianou IM, Affourtit JP, Shockley KR, Abdi FA, Sanjeev B, Rollins J, Churchill GA, Paigen BA. Applying Gene Expression, Proteomics and SNP Analysis for complex trait gene identification. Genetics 2008 178(3):1795-1805. [Abstract Stylianou IM, Affourtit JP, Shockley KR, Abdi FA, Sanjeev B, Rollins J, Churchill GA, Paigen BA. Applying Gene Expression, Proteomics and SNP Analysis for complex trait gene identification. Genetics 2008 178(3):1795-1805.]
  6. Cui X, Affoutit J, Shockley KR, Woo Y, Churchill GA. Inheritance patterns of transcript levels in F1 hybrid mice. Genetics 2006 174(2):627-637. [Abstract Cui X, Affoutit J, Shockley KR, Woo Y, Churchill GA. Inheritance patterns of transcript levels in F1 hybrid mice. Genetics 2006 174(2):627-637.]  
  7. Shockley KR, Churchill GA. Gene expression analysis of mouse chromosome substitution strains. Mammalian Genome 2006 17(6):598-614. [Abstract Shockley KR, Churchill GA. Gene expression analysis of mouse chromosome substitution strains. Mammalian Genome 2006 17(6):598-614.]

Other Functional Genomics Studies

  1. Perron IJ, Keenan BT, Chellappa K, Lahens N, Yohn NL, Shockley KR, Pack AI, Veasey SC. Dietary challenges differentially affect activity and sleep/wake behavior: isolating independent associations with diet/energy balance and body weight. PLoS One 2018 13:e0196743. [Abstract Perron IJ, Keenan BT, Chellappa K, Lahens N, Yohn NL, Shockley KR, Pack AI, Veasey SC. Dietary challenges differentially affect activity and sleep/wake behavior: isolating independent associations with diet/energy balance and body weight. PLoS One 2018 13:e0196743.]
  2. George-Raizen JB, Shockley KR, Trojanowski NF, Lamb AL, Raizen DM. Dynamically-expressed prion-like proteins form a cuticle in the pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biology Open 2014 3(11):1139-1149. [Abstract George-Raizen JB, Shockley KR, Trojanowski NF, Lamb AL, Raizen DM. Dynamically-expressed prion-like proteins form a cuticle in the pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biology Open 2014 3(11):1139-1149.]
  3. Anafi RC, Pellegrino R, Shockley KR, Romer M, Tufik S, Pack AI. Sleep is not just for the brain: Transcriptional responses to sleep in peripheral tissues. BMC Genomics 2013 14:362. [Abstract Anafi RC, Pellegrino R, Shockley KR, Romer M, Tufik S, Pack AI. Sleep is not just for the brain: Transcriptional responses to sleep in peripheral tissues. BMC Genomics 2013 14:362.]
  4. Shockley KR, Lazarenko OP, Czernik PJ, Rosen CJ, Churchill GA, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARgamma2 nuclear receptor controls multiple regulatory pathways of osteoblast differentiation from marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2009 106(2):232-246. [Abstract Shockley KR, Lazarenko OP, Czernik PJ, Rosen CJ, Churchill GA, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARgamma2 nuclear receptor controls multiple regulatory pathways of osteoblast differentiation from marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 2009 106(2):232-246.]  
  5. Shockley KR, Rosen CJ, Churchill GA, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARgamma2 regulates a molecular signature of marrow mesenchymal stem cells. PPAR Research 2007:81219. [Abstract Shockley KR, Rosen CJ, Churchill GA, Lecka-Czernik B. PPARgamma2 regulates a molecular signature of marrow mesenchymal stem cells. PPAR Research 2007:81219.]  
  6. Shockley KR, Scott KL, Pysz MA, Conners SB, Johnson MR, Montero CI, Wolfinger RD, Kelly RM. Genome-wide transcriptional variation within and between steady states for continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga Maritima. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005 71(9):5572-5576. [Abstract Shockley KR, Scott KL, Pysz MA, Conners SB, Johnson MR, Montero CI, Wolfinger RD, Kelly RM. Genome-wide transcriptional variation within and between steady states for continuous growth of the hyperthermophile Thermotoga Maritima. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2005 71(9):5572-5576.]
  7. Shockley KR, Ward DE, Chhabra SR, Conners SB, Montero CI, Kelly RM. Heat shock response by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2003 69(4):2365-2371. [Abstract Shockley KR, Ward DE, Chhabra SR, Conners SB, Montero CI, Kelly RM. Heat shock response by the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2003 69(4):2365-2371.]

Supplementary Material

    1. WES example code (2KB)
    2. CASANOVA example code (44KB)