Health disparities are driven by complex interactions of environmental, biological, and social factors. Genetics and physiology predispose certain groups to greater harm from pollution. Meanwhile, social, demographic, and economic factors underlie the prevalence of minority- and low-income neighborhoods in close proximity to sources of pollution. The NIEHS Superfund Research Program (SRP) seeks to identify and disentangle these complexities through community-engaged research on health risks from contaminated sites.