Health Outcomes

• Neurological/Cognitive outcomes

Health Outcome List:

• Neurological/cognitive outcomes (IQ deficits)

Environmental Agents

List of Environmental Agents:

• Metal (lead)

Source of Environmental Agents:

• Not available

Economic Evaluation / Methods and Source

Type:

• Cost-benefit analysis (CBA)

Cost Measures:

• Considered costs assessed in a previous study — Societal benefits of reducing lead exposure (Schwartz, 1994)

Potential Cost Measures:

• Not available

Benefits Measures:

• Averted effects of lead exposure and IQ loss (effects of enhanced IQ on educational attainment, workforce participation, and earnings)

Potential Benefits Measures:

• Not available

Location:

• Not available

Models Used:

• Not available

Models References:

• Not available

Methods Used:

• The authors made minor extensions to a previous approach (Schwartz et al. 1994) to explicitly estimate the direct effects of IQ on educational attainment and on participation. Three different relationships were estimated using regression techniques — 1) least-squares regression of highest grade on cognitive ability; 2) multiple pro-bit regression of positive earnings on highest grade and cognitive ability; and 3) a least-squares regression, for persons with positive earned income, of the logarithm of earnings on highest grade and cognitive ability. As a measure of cognitive ability, the Armed Forces Qualifying Test percentile score for each respondent was converted to IQ units by assigning a score to each percentile.

Sources Used:

• Educational attainment data (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979-1990); US Census Bureau (1994); additional sources cited in publication

Economic Citation / Fundings

Citation:

• Salkever DS. Updated estimates of earnings benefits from reduced exposure of children to environmental lead. Environmental Research. 1995. 70; 1.
• Pubmed
• DOI

NIEHS Funding:

• Not available

Other Funding: Not available