Health Outcomes

Health Outcome List:

• Not available

Environmental Agents

List of Environmental Agents:

• Air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter (PM2.5/fine))

Source of Environmental Agents:

• Anthropogenic emissions of precursor air pollutants (SO2, NOx, VOCs)

Economic Evaluation / Methods and Source

Type:

• Cost analysis (CA)

Cost Measures:

• Costs of anthropogenic precursor emissions reductions
• costs of offsetting impacts on climate change
• annualized capital costs (calculated by taking into account interest rates, lifetime of the emission control equipment, and capital recovery factors)
• yearly operation and maintenance costs
• implementation costs

Potential Cost Measures:

• Control costs for reductions in primary PM2.5
• interstate transport of precursors

Benefits Measures:

• Not available

Potential Benefits Measures:

• Not available

Location:

• Six regions of the United States (West region, Central region, Great Lakes region, Northeast region, Mid-Atlantic region, and Southeast region)
• five metropolitan cities within the United States (Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York City)

Models Used:

• The U.S. EPA's Models-3 Air Quality Modeling System—Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5)
• Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE)
• Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)

Models References:

• References cited in publication — Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) (http://www.smoke-model.org/index.cfm); MM5 (Grell et al., 2004); CMAQ (Byun et al., 2006)

Methods Used:

• The authors assessed the additional emissions reductions required and associated costs to offset impacts of climate change on air quality. The authors — 1) implemented air quality modeling using current and future emissions scenarios for five metropolitan areas that experience high ozone and PM2.5 levels; and 2) used EPA’s control technology analysis tool (AirControlNET) to estimate the costs of emissions reductions of major ozone and PM2.5 precursors.

Sources Used:

• AirControlNET Version 4.1 Documentation Report (E.H. Pechan and Associates, 2006); National Emission Inventory (NEI) (1999); The decoupled direct method for calculating sensitivity coefficients in chemical-kinetics (Dunker, 1984); The decoupled direct method for sensitivity analysis in a three-dimensional air quality model - implementation, accuracy, and efficiency (Dunker et al., 2002); Fast, direct sensitivity analysis of multidimensional photochemical models (Yang et al., 1997); additional sources cited in publication

Economic Citation / Fundings

Citation:

• Liao KJ, Tagaris E, Russell AG, Amar P, He S, Manomaiphiboon K, and Woo JH. Cost analysis of impacts of climate change on regional air quality. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 2010. 60; 2.
• Pubmed
• DOI

NIEHS Funding:

• Not available

Other Funding: Not available