Health Outcomes

Health Outcome List:

• Mortality (premature deaths)
• respiratory outcomes

Environmental Agents

List of Environmental Agents:

• Ozone

Source of Environmental Agents:

• Anthropogenic sources

Economic Evaluation / Methods and Source

Type:

• Cost analysis (CA)

Cost Measures:

• Respiratory emergency department visits
• respiratory hospital admissions
• cases of acute respiratory symptoms
• lost school days

Potential Cost Measures:

• Not available

Benefits Measures:

• Not available

Potential Benefits Measures:

• Not available

Location:

• Continental United States

Models Used:

• NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies Model E2
• National Center for Atmospheric Research/Department of Energy Community Earth System Model
• Weather Research and Forecasting Model
• Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model
• GEOS-Chemic global chemical transport model
• Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition

Models References:

• Resources cited in publication — Weather Research and Forecasting Model (Bowden et al., 2012, Otte et al., 2012); Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (Byun and Schere, 2006); GEOS-Chemic global chemical transport model (Bey et al., 2001); Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (EPA, 2014, Fann et al., 2011)

Methods Used:

• The authors estimated the influence of near-term climate change on ozone, and the resulting health impacts and economic burden of those health impacts. The authors — 1) used two general circulation models (GCM) driven by different greenhouse gas forcing scenarios to estimate changes in air quality due to climate change; 2) used a weather research and forecasting model to downscale GCM projections to the United States; 3) used Community Multi-scale Air Quality model to assess how climate-driven meteorological changes would impact near-surface ozone levels over continental U.S.; 4) used a health impact function to estimate health impacts associated with near-surface ozone levels; 5) used both cost of illness and willingness to pay measures to estimate the economic value of the health impacts of climate change on air quality; and 6) used value of statistical life to characterize the economic value of ozone-related premature deaths.

Sources Used:

• U.S. EPA estimates of 2030 ozone levels; Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Particulate Matter NAAQS (EPA, 2012); Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (EPA, 2009; Bierwage et al., 2010); Wide Ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC Wonder, 2008); U.S. Census Bureau; EPA Science Advisory Board-recommended value of statistical life (EPA Health Effects Subcommittee, 2010); additional sources cited in publication

Economic Citation / Fundings

Citation:

• Fann N, Nolte CG, Dolwick P, Spero TL, Brown AC, Phillips S, and Anenberg S. The geographic distribution and economic value of climate change-related ozone health impacts in the United States in 2030. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2015. 65; 5.
• Pubmed
• DOI

NIEHS Funding:

• Not available

Other Funding:

• Not available