Health Outcomes

• Multiple

Health Outcome List:

• Mortality
• Respiratory outcomes (acute respiratory infections, acute lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD))
• Cancer outcomes (lung cancer)
• Cardiovascular outcomes (ischemic heart disease)

Environmental Agents

List of Environmental Agents:

• Air pollutants (carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4), nonmethane hydrocarbons, organic carbon)

Source of Environmental Agents:

• Cookstoves

Economic Evaluation / Methods and Source

Type:

• Cost benefit analysis (CBA)

Cost Measures:

• Capital costs (costs of new technologies, improved cookstoves, ventilation / cooking space improvements, etc.)
• Cost of implementation and delivery (marketing and promotion materials, non-governmental organization and governmental staff time, etc.)
• Operation and maintenance costs (cost of replacing / cleaning of equipment including time)
• Cost of fuel in collection, preparation time, and money
• Learning and tastes costs (costs of familiarization with the use of a new stove technology, loss of value from modified tastes)
• Deforestation and forest degradation (replacement costs for trees)
• Social cost of carbon for non-CO2 emissions converted to temporally consistent (discounted) carbon dioxide equivalents based on global mean temperature impacts

Potential Cost Measures:

• Additional measures of the inconveniences of the stoves (e.g., lacking as a source of heat, inconvenience, taste problems)

Benefits Measures:

• Morbidity and mortality reduction
• reduced incidence of and mortality from disease (acute respiratory infections especially acute lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, ischemic heart disease)
• Time savings as reduced cooking time due to more efficient heating
• costs saved for fuel no longer used in stove
• Spillover morbidity and mortality reduction from above stated diseases due to reduced ambient pollution
• Health valuation concepts are avoided cost-of-illness per case or per year for morbidity, and the value of a statistical life for reduced mortality
• Climate- and ecosystem-related benefits from reduced emissions of black carbon (reduced social cost of carbon for non-CO2 emissions converted to temporally consistent (discounted) carbon dioxide equivalents based on global mean temperature impacts
• Decreased tree cutting using replacement cost of trees
• Changes in energy security

Potential Benefits Measures:

• Health benefits from reductions in other health conditions and reductions in other pollutants
• Morbidity reduction benefits not included in cost-of-illness measures
• Aesthetic benefits from cleaner stoves
• Benefits from reduced loss of ecosystem services
• Benefits of reduced risk of violence during fuel harvesting
• changes in energy security

Location:

• Not available

Models Used:

• Not available

Models References:

• Not available

Methods Used:

• The authors calculated private and social costs and benefits of switching to a cleaner cookstove using a data-driven simulation approach, building on a previous methodology, by gathering data for these analyses from published studies of costs and benefits of populations who adapted the cleaner cookstoves. The authors — 1) used the extracted data to compare the economic attractiveness of different stove alternatives relative to the baseline of unimproved biomass-burning stoves using a net benefits criterion; 2) analyzed benefits individually and in categories of private, limited social, or broader social benefits; 3) used welfare-theoretic (not income) measures of benefits and costs; 4) used equations for calculations of costs and benefits that are explained in detail in the Supplemental Materials; 5) ran 10,000 Monte Carlo simulation trials to generate ranges and distributions of net benefits for each improved cookstove; 6) compiled cost / benefits into private benefits, narrowly defined social / societal benefits, and broadly defined social / societal benefits; and 7) analyzed how distributions of private benefits were affected by fuel and stove price discounts; 8) performed sensitivity analyses to identify which parameters drive variation in the simulation results.

Sources Used:

• 178 peer-reviewed articles, reports, books, and working papers identified through searches in Econlit and Google Scholar using an incluse approach for search terms; relevant data was extracted from the source data into a database for further analysis; social cost of carbon (Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon, 2015) for non-CO2 emissions converted to temporally consistent (discounted) carbon dioxide equivalents based on global mean temperature impacts (Shindell 2015); value of a statistical life for reduced mortality (Viscusi and Aldy, 2003); additional sources cited in the publication

Economic Citation / Fundings

Citation:

• Jeuland M, Soo JST, Shindell D. The need for policies to reduce the costs of cleaner cooking in low income settings: Implications from systematic analysis of costs and benefits. Energy Policy. 2018. 121.
• DOI

NIEHS Funding:

• Not available

Other Funding:

• Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves (UNF 39687)