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Details

Research article
Authors

Zwickle A, Cox JG, Zhuang J, Hamm JA, Upham BL, Chung M, Cruz S, Dearing JW

Journal

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Summary
This research article conducted a multilevel, longitundinal analysis to understand the effects of contamination and remediation on property values in Midland, Michigan. The authors created a model to test the different parameters including whether the property had been remediated or not and the actual amount of dioxin. The article found that the continuous measure of dioxin in the soil had a negative effect on the property value, decreasing $9 for every 1 ppt of dioxin. However, there was no difference in the decrease of property value between remediated and un-remediated properties.
Population

Homeowners in Midland, Michigan

Health Outcomes

  • Not available

Health Outcome List:

  • Not available

Environmental Agents

List of Environmental Agents:

  • Dioxins

Source of Environmental Agents:

  • Incineration of contaminated waste and the discharge of contaminated water

Economic Evaluation / Methods and Source

Type:

  • Cost analysis (CA)

Cost Measures:

  • Effects of Dioxin exposure on property values

Potential Cost Measures:

  • Not available

Benefits Measures:

  • Not available

Potential Benefits Measures:

  • Not available

Location:

  • Midland, Michigan, United States

Models Used:

  • Unconditional growth model
  • longitundinal, multilevel model.

Models References:

  • Not available

Methods Used:

  • The authors — 1) used SPSS software to create a longitudinal multilevel model to assess home values over an 18 year period; 2) they began with an unconditional growth model to determine the intraclass correlation (ICC); 3) once the baseline model was created, they tested it with three different values. The first two were whether the property had been remediated or not. The last one was the actual amount of dioxin in parts per trillion found in the soil of each property.

Sources Used:

  • Public Dow Report (2014); Parcel map obtained from the Midland County Geographic Information Systems (GIS) office; Property assessment data from BS&A Software. The data used were received as a part of the ASSESSING.NET software (version 10.1.19). Additional sources cited in the publication.

Economic Citation / Fundings

Citation:

  • Zwickle A, Cox JG, Zhuang J, Hamm JA, Upham BL, Chung M, Cruz S, Dearing JW. The Effect of Dioxin Contamination and Remediation on Property Values. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019. 16; 20.
  • Pubmed
  • DOI

NIEHS Funding:

  • P42ES004911

Other Funding:

  • Not available