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Much of the work carried out by DTT is in support of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), an interagency partnership of the Food and Drug Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and NIEHS.

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Systems Toxicology Branch

Dori Germolec, Ph.D.
Dori Germolec, Ph.D.
Biologist
Tel 984-287-3134
[email protected]
P.O. Box 12233
Mail Drop K2-15
Durham, NC 27709

Research Summary

Dori Germolec, Ph.D., is a biologist who joined National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) in 1985. She specializes in the effects of chemicals on the immune system, establishing scientific confidence in alternative methods to evaluate immunotoxicity, and the potential health effects of indoor exposures to mold.

Germolec designs research and/or testing protocols to characterize the biologic, toxicologic and/or physiologic effects of chemicals and/or agents on the immune systems. Germolec serve as a project leader for the toxicologic and carcinogenic assessments of agents of interest to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) as well as a subject matter expert in multidisciplinary review teams comprised of in-house and external scientists evaluating studies on selected chemicals. Germolec also serves as a resource for regulatory and research agencies, and the public who are looking for information on the toxicity of chemicals and how they affect function and burden of disease.

Major Areas of Research

  • Immunotoxicology Testing Program - Develops and establishes methods with predictive value to evaluate potentially immunotoxic chemicals and drugs; examines selected agents for immunotoxicity in adult and developing animals employing a suite of well-established tests to identify specific targets and effects; and conducts mechanistic studies to define the cellular and molecular events associated with immunotoxicity
  • Increase the scientific confidence in and use of alternative methods to assess immune modulation and hypersensitivity
  • Initiate and develop research projects or programs to investigate the mechanisms underlying the targeted toxicity of chemicals

Current Projects

  • Toxicology and Carcinogenicity assessments of:
    • Herbal products/Dietary supplements
    • Mold
  • Immunotoxicology Evaluation of:
    • Bisphenols
    • Flame Retardants
    • Herbal products/Dietary supplements
    • Perfluoroalkyl substances
    • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Germolec’s scientific investigations have resulted in over 100 publications in various areas of toxicology, resulting in the receipt of an NIH Merit Award and The Society of Toxicology (SOT) Best Publication Award in 1995. In 2004, she received the Outstanding Young Investigator Award from the Immunotoxicology Specialty Section of the SOT and in 2017 was awarded the Vos Award for Career Achievement in Immunotoxicology. Germolec has been an active participant in the SOT, serving on multiple committees and as an SOT Councilor in 2011 – 2013. She also served as president of the Immunotoxicology Specialty Section. Germolec also plays a key role in fostering an atmosphere of professional excellence and scientific endeavor among scientists at NIEHS. She has served as a member of the NIEHS Assembly of Scientists (AOS) Council since 2000, most recently as the AoS president in 2011.

Germolec received an M.A. in physical anthropology from Duke University in 1983 and a Ph.D. in toxicology from North Carolina State University in 1995.

Selected Publications

  1. Strickland J, Allen DG, Germolec D, Kleinstreuer N, Johnson VJ, Gulledge T, Truax J, Lowit A, Dole T, McMahon T, Panger M, Facey J, Savage S. Application of Defined Approaches to Assess Skin Sensitization Potency of Isothiazolinone Compounds. Appl In Vitro Toxicol. 2022;8(4):117-128. [Abstract Strickland J, Allen DG, Germolec D, Kleinstreuer N, Johnson VJ, Gulledge T, Truax J, Lowit A, Dole T, McMahon T, Panger M, Facey J, Savage S. Application of Defined Approaches to Assess Skin Sensitization Potency of Isothiazolinone Compounds. Appl In Vitro Toxicol. 2022;8(4):117-128.]
  2. Germolec DR, Lebrec H, Anderson SE, Burleson GR, Cardenas A, Corsini E, Elmore SE, Kaplan BLF, Lawrence BP, Lehmann GM, Maier CC, McHale CM, Myers LP, Pallardy M, Rooney AA, Zeise L, Zhang L, Smith MT. Consensus on the Key Characteristics of Immunotoxic Agents as a Basis for Hazard Identification. Environ Health Perspect. 2022;130(10):105001. [Abstract Germolec DR, Lebrec H, Anderson SE, Burleson GR, Cardenas A, Corsini E, Elmore SE, Kaplan BLF, Lawrence BP, Lehmann GM, Maier CC, McHale CM, Myers LP, Pallardy M, Rooney AA, Zeise L, Zhang L, Smith MT. Consensus on the Key Characteristics of Immunotoxic Agents as a Basis for Hazard Identification. Environ Health Perspect. 2022;130(10):105001.]
  3. Rayasam SDG, Aung MT, Cooper C, Kwiatkowski C, Germolec DR, Rooney AA, Walker VR, Forte C, Woodruff TJ, Chartres N. Identifying environmental factors that influence immune response to SARS-CoV-2: Systematic evidence map protocol. Environ Int. 2022;164:107230. [Abstract Rayasam SDG, Aung MT, Cooper C, Kwiatkowski C, Germolec DR, Rooney AA, Walker VR, Forte C, Woodruff TJ, Chartres N. Identifying environmental factors that influence immune response to SARS-CoV-2: Systematic evidence map protocol. Environ Int. 2022;164:107230.]
  4. Strickland J, Truax J, Corvaro M, Settivari R, Henriquez J, McFadden J, Gulledge T, Johnson V, Gehen S, Germolec D, Allen DG, Kleinstreuer N. Application of Defined Approaches for Skin Sensitization to Agrochemical Products. Front Toxicol. 2022;4:852856. Published 2022 May 2. [Abstract Strickland J, Truax J, Corvaro M, Settivari R, Henriquez J, McFadden J, Gulledge T, Johnson V, Gehen S, Germolec D, Allen DG, Kleinstreuer N. Application of Defined Approaches for Skin Sensitization to Agrochemical Products. Front Toxicol. 2022;4:852856. Published 2022 May 2.]
  5. Frawley RP, Germolec DR, Johnson VJ, Gulledge T, Manheng W, White K Jr, Shockley KR, Harris SF, Hooth M, Ryan K. Evaluation of skin sensitization induced by four ionic liquids. J Appl Toxicol. 2022;42(3):392-408. [Abstract Frawley RP, Germolec DR, Johnson VJ, Gulledge T, Manheng W, White K Jr, Shockley KR, Harris SF, Hooth M, Ryan K. Evaluation of skin sensitization induced by four ionic liquids. J Appl Toxicol. 2022;42(3):392-408.]
  6. Watson ATD, Johnson VJ, Luster MI, Burleson GR, Fallacara DM, Sparrow BR, Cesta MF, Cora MC, Shockley KR, Stout MD, Blystone CR, Germolec DR. Immunotoxicity studies of sulfolane following developmental exposure in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats and adult exposure in B6C3F1/N mice. J Immunotoxicol. 2021;18(1):1-12. [Abstract Watson ATD, Johnson VJ, Luster MI, Burleson GR, Fallacara DM, Sparrow BR, Cesta MF, Cora MC, Shockley KR, Stout MD, Blystone CR, Germolec DR. Immunotoxicity studies of sulfolane following developmental exposure in Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD rats and adult exposure in B6C3F1/N mice. J Immunotoxicol. 2021;18(1):1-12.]
  7. Huang MC, Furr JR, Robinson VG, Betz L, Shockley K, Cunny H, Witt K, Waidyanatha S, Germolec D. 2021. Oral deoxynivalenol toxicity in Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) rat dams and their offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 148:111963. [Abstract Huang MC, Furr JR, Robinson VG, Betz L, Shockley K, Cunny H, Witt K, Waidyanatha S, Germolec D. 2021. Oral deoxynivalenol toxicity in Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) rat dams and their offspring. Food Chem Toxicol 148:111963.]
  8. Kimura Y, Yasuno R, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Iwaki T, Fujimura C, Ohmiya Y, Yamakage K, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi M, Mashimo N, Takagi Y, Omori T, Corsini E, Germolec D, Inoue T, Rogen EL, Kojima H, Aiba S. 2020. An international validation study of the IL-2 Luc assay for evaluating the potential immunotoxic effects of chemicals on T cells and a proposal for reference data for immunotoxic chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro; doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104832 [Online 18 March 2020]. [Abstract Kimura Y, Yasuno R, Watanabe M, Kobayashi M, Iwaki T, Fujimura C, Ohmiya Y, Yamakage K, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi M, Mashimo N, Takagi Y, Omori T, Corsini E, Germolec D, Inoue T, Rogen EL, Kojima H, Aiba S. 2020. An international validation study of the IL-2 Luc assay for evaluating the potential immunotoxic effects of chemicals on T cells and a proposal for reference data for immunotoxic chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro; doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104832 [Online 18 March 2020].]
  9. Huang MC, White KL Jr, Elmore SA, Guo TL, Germolec D. 2020. Immunotoxicity studies of trans-resveratrol in male B6 C3 F1/N mice. J Immunotoxicol 17(1):194-201. [Abstract Huang MC, White KL Jr, Elmore SA, Guo TL, Germolec D. 2020. Immunotoxicity studies of trans-resveratrol in male B6 C3 F1/N mice. J Immunotoxicol 17(1):194-201.]
  10. Croston TL, Lemons AR, Barnes MA, Goldsmith WT, Orandle MS, Nayak AP, Germolec DR, Green BJ, Beezhold DH. 2019. Inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum Fragments Induces Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology; doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0221OC [Online 31 October 2019]. [Abstract Croston TL, Lemons AR, Barnes MA, Goldsmith WT, Orandle MS, Nayak AP, Germolec DR, Green BJ, Beezhold DH. 2019. Inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum Fragments Induces Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology; doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0221OC [Online 31 October 2019].]
  11. Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, McCanlies E, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nederost S. Genetic Basis of Irritant Susceptibility in Health Care Workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2016 58(8):753-759. [Abstract Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, McCanlies E, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nederost S. Genetic Basis of Irritant Susceptibility in Health Care Workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2016 58(8):753-759.]
  12. Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, McCanlies E, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nedorost. Association of MHC region SNPs with irritant susceptibility in healthcare workers. Journal of immunotoxicology 2016 13(5):738-744. [Abstract Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Barmada MM, Johnson VJ, Kashon ML, Baron E, Wilson NW, McCanlies E, Frye B, Wang W, Fluharty K, Gharib R, Meade J, Germolec D, Luster MI, Nedorost. Association of MHC region SNPs with irritant susceptibility in healthcare workers. Journal of immunotoxicology 2016 13(5):738-744.]
  13. Sayers BC, Germolec DR, Walker NJ, Stout MD, Cesta MF, Roycroft JH, White KL, Baker GL, Dill JA, Smith MJ. Respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity evaluations of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in mice and rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Nanotoxicology 2016 10(10):1458-1468. [Abstract Sayers BC, Germolec DR, Walker NJ, Stout MD, Cesta MF, Roycroft JH, White KL, Baker GL, Dill JA, Smith MJ. Respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity evaluations of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in mice and rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Nanotoxicology 2016 10(10):1458-1468.]
  14. Nayak AP, Green BJ, Lemons AR, Marshall NB, Goldsmith WT, Kashon ML, Anderson SE, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH. Subchronic exposures to fungal bioaerosols promotes allergic pulmonary inflammation in naïve mice. Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 46(6):861-870. [Abstract Nayak AP, Green BJ, Lemons AR, Marshall NB, Goldsmith WT, Kashon ML, Anderson SE, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH. Subchronic exposures to fungal bioaerosols promotes allergic pulmonary inflammation in naïve mice. Clinical and experimental allergy: journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2016 46(6):861-870.]
  15. Sayers BC, Stout MD, Roycroft JH, Germolec DR, Baker GL, Clark ML, Hayden BK, DeFord H, Dill JA, Gupta A, Walker NJ. Lung deposition and clearance of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in B6C3F1 mice and Wistar Han rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Toxicology 2016 339():87-96. [Abstract Sayers BC, Stout MD, Roycroft JH, Germolec DR, Baker GL, Clark ML, Hayden BK, DeFord H, Dill JA, Gupta A, Walker NJ. Lung deposition and clearance of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in B6C3F1 mice and Wistar Han rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Toxicology 2016 339():87-96.]
  16. Guo TL, Germolec DR, Zheng JF, Kooistra L, Auttachoat W, Smith MJ, White KL Jr, Elmore SA. (2015) Genistein protects female nonobese diabetic mice from developing type 1 diabetes when fed a soy- and alfalfa-free diet. Toxicologic pathology 43(3):435-48-448. [Abstract Guo TL, Germolec DR, Zheng JF, Kooistra L, Auttachoat W, Smith MJ, White KL Jr, Elmore SA. (2015) Genistein protects female nonobese diabetic mice from developing type 1 diabetes when fed a soy- and alfalfa-free diet. Toxicologic pathology 43(3):435-48-448.]
  17. Buskirk AD, Green BJ, Lemons AR, Nayak AP, Goldsmith WT, Kashon ML, Anderson SE, Hettick JM, Templeton SP, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH. A murine inhalation model to characterize pulmonary exposure to dry Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. PloS one 9(10):e109855- (2014). [Abstract Buskirk AD, Green BJ, Lemons AR, Nayak AP, Goldsmith WT, Kashon ML, Anderson SE, Hettick JM, Templeton SP, Germolec DR, Beezhold DH. A murine inhalation model to characterize pulmonary exposure to dry Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. PloS one 9(10):e109855- (2014).]
  18. Corsini E, Luebke RW, Germolec DR, DeWitt JC. Perfluorinated compounds: emerging POPs with potential immunotoxicity. Toxicology letters 230(2):263-270 (2014). [Abstract Corsini E, Luebke RW, Germolec DR, DeWitt JC. Perfluorinated compounds: emerging POPs with potential immunotoxicity. Toxicology letters 230(2):263-270 (2014).]
  19. Parks CG, Miller FW, Pollard KM, Selmi C, Germolec D, Joyce K, Rose NR, Humble MC. Expert panel workshop consensus statement on the role of the environment in the development of autoimmune disease. International journal of molecular sciences 2014 15(8):14269-14297. [Abstract Parks CG, Miller FW, Pollard KM, Selmi C, Germolec D, Joyce K, Rose NR, Humble MC. Expert panel workshop consensus statement on the role of the environment in the development of autoimmune disease. International journal of molecular sciences 2014 15(8):14269-14297.]
  20. Thakur SA, Nyska A, White KL Jr, Smith MJ, Auttachoat W, Germolec DR. Immunomodulatory activity of orphan drug Elmiron® in female B6C3F1/N mice. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2014 68:196-203. [Abstract Thakur SA, Nyska A, White KL Jr, Smith MJ, Auttachoat W, Germolec DR. Immunomodulatory activity of orphan drug Elmiron® in female B6C3F1/N mice. Food and chemical toxicology: an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association 2014 68:196-203.]
  21. Yucesoy B1, Johnson VJ, Lummus ZL, Kashon ML, Rao M, Bannerman-Thompson H, Frye B, Wang W, Gautrin D, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Tarlo SM, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Bernstein DI.Genetic Variants in the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and Class II Genes Are Associated With Diisocyanate-Induced Asthma. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2014 56(4):382-387. [Abstract Yucesoy B1, Johnson VJ, Lummus ZL, Kashon ML, Rao M, Bannerman-Thompson H, Frye B, Wang W, Gautrin D, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Tarlo SM, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Bernstein DI.Genetic Variants in the Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and Class II Genes Are Associated With Diisocyanate-Induced Asthma. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2014 56(4):382-387.]
  22. Boverhof DR, Ladics G, Luebke R, Botham J, Corsini E, Evans E, Germolec D, Holsapple M, Loveless SE, Lu H, van der Laan JW, White KL Jr, Yang Y. Approaches and considerations for the assessment of immunotoxicity for environmental chemicals: a workshop summary. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology: RTP 2014 68(1):96-107. [Abstract Boverhof DR, Ladics G, Luebke R, Botham J, Corsini E, Evans E, Germolec D, Holsapple M, Loveless SE, Lu H, van der Laan JW, White KL Jr, Yang Y. Approaches and considerations for the assessment of immunotoxicity for environmental chemicals: a workshop summary. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology: RTP 2014 68(1):96-107.]
  23. Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Johnson VJ , Wilson NW, Biagini RE, Wang W, Frye B, Weissman DN, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Barmada MM. Genetic variants within the MHC region are associated with immune responsiveness to childhood vaccinations. Vaccine 2013 31(46):5381-5391. [Abstract Yucesoy B, Talzhanov Y, Johnson VJ , Wilson NW, Biagini RE, Wang W, Frye B, Weissman DN, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Barmada MM. Genetic variants within the MHC region are associated with immune responsiveness to childhood vaccinations. Vaccine 2013 31(46):5381-5391.]
  24. Kim JM, Kosak JP, Kim JK, Kissling G, Germolec DR, Zeldin DC, Bradbury JA, Baek SJ, Eling TE. NAG-1/GDF15 transgenic mouse has less white adipose tissue and a reduced inflammatory response. Mediators of inflammation 2013 2013():641851-641851. [Abstract Kim JM, Kosak JP, Kim JK, Kissling G, Germolec DR, Zeldin DC, Bradbury JA, Baek SJ, Eling TE. NAG-1/GDF15 transgenic mouse has less white adipose tissue and a reduced inflammatory response. Mediators of inflammation 2013 2013():641851-641851.]
  25. Guo TL, Germolec DR, Zhang LX, Auttachoat W , Smith MJ , White KL Jr. Contact sensitizing potential of pyrogallol and 5-amino-o-cresol in female BALB/c mice. Toxicology 2013 314(2-3):202-208. [Abstract Guo TL, Germolec DR, Zhang LX, Auttachoat W , Smith MJ , White KL Jr. Contact sensitizing potential of pyrogallol and 5-amino-o-cresol in female BALB/c mice. Toxicology 2013 314(2-3):202-208.]
  26. Bernstein DI, Kashon M, Lummus ZL , Johnson VJ, Fluharty K, Gautrin D, Malo JL, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Germolec D, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Luster MI, Yucesoy B. CTNNA3 (α-catenin) gene variants are associated with diisocyanate asthma: a replication study in a Caucasian worker population. Toxicological Sciences 2013 131(1):242-246.  [Abstract Bernstein DI, Kashon M, Lummus ZL , Johnson VJ, Fluharty K, Gautrin D, Malo JL, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Germolec D, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Luster MI, Yucesoy B. CTNNA3 (α-catenin) gene variants are associated with diisocyanate asthma: a replication study in a Caucasian worker population. Toxicological Sciences 2013 131(1):242-246. ]
  27. Smith MJ, Germolec DR, Frawley RP, White, KL, Jr.. Immunomodulatory effects of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) extract in female B6C3F1/N mice. Toxicology 2013 308:146-157. [Abstract Smith MJ, Germolec DR, Frawley RP, White, KL, Jr.. Immunomodulatory effects of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) extract in female B6C3F1/N mice. Toxicology 2013 308:146-157.]
  28. Miller FW, Pollard KM, Parks CG, Germolec DR, Leunge PS, Selmi C, Humble MC, Rose NR. Criteria for environmentally associated autoimmune diseases. Journal of autoimmunity 2012 39(4):253-8 [Abstract Miller FW, Pollard KM, Parks CG, Germolec DR, Leunge PS, Selmi C, Humble MC, Rose NR. Criteria for environmentally associated autoimmune diseases. Journal of autoimmunity 2012 39(4):253-8]
  29. DeWitt JC, Peden-Adams MM, Keller JM, Germolec DR. The immunotoxicity of perfluorinated compounds: recent developments. Toxicologic pathology 2012 40(2):300-11. [Abstract DeWitt JC, Peden-Adams MM, Keller JM, Germolec DR. The immunotoxicity of perfluorinated compounds: recent developments. Toxicologic pathology 2012 40(2):300-11.]
  30. Corsini E, Sangiovanni E, Avogadro A, Galbiati V, Viviani B, Marinovich M, Galli CL, Dell'Agli M, Germolec DR. In vitro characterization of the immunotoxic potential of several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2012 258(2):248-55. [Abstract Corsini E, Sangiovanni E, Avogadro A, Galbiati V, Viviani B, Marinovich M, Galli CL, Dell'Agli M, Germolec DR. In vitro characterization of the immunotoxic potential of several perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2012 258(2):248-55.]
  31. Satoh M, Chan EK, Ho LA, Rose KM, Parks CG, Cohn RD, Jusko TA, Walker NJ, Germolec DR, Whitt IZ, Crockett PW, Pauley BA, Chan JY, Ross SJ, Birnbaum LS, Zeldin DC and Miller FW. (2012) Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheum, 64, 2319-27. [Abstract Satoh M, Chan EK, Ho LA, Rose KM, Parks CG, Cohn RD, Jusko TA, Walker NJ, Germolec DR, Whitt IZ, Crockett PW, Pauley BA, Chan JY, Ross SJ, Birnbaum LS, Zeldin DC and Miller FW. (2012) Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibodies in the United States. Arthritis Rheum, 64, 2319-27.]
  32. Endres SM, Green BJ, Henneberger PK, Germolec DR, Bledsoe TA, Beezhold DH, London SJ, Alavanja MC, Beane Freeman LE, Hoppin JA. Fungal and atopic sensitization are low among farmers in the Agricultural Health Study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 130(1):267-70. [Abstract Endres SM, Green BJ, Henneberger PK, Germolec DR, Bledsoe TA, Beezhold DH, London SJ, Alavanja MC, Beane Freeman LE, Hoppin JA. Fungal and atopic sensitization are low among farmers in the Agricultural Health Study. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2012 130(1):267-70.]
  33. Yucesoy B, Johnson VJ, Lummus ZL, Kissling GE, Fluharty K, Gautrin D, Malo JL, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Germolec DR, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Luster MI, Bernstein DI. Genetic variants in antioxidant genes are associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma. Toxicological Sciences 2012 129(1):166-73. [Abstract Yucesoy B, Johnson VJ, Lummus ZL, Kissling GE, Fluharty K, Gautrin D, Malo JL, Cartier A, Boulet LP, Sastre J, Quirce S, Germolec DR, Tarlo SM, Cruz MJ, Munoz X, Luster MI, Bernstein DI. Genetic variants in antioxidant genes are associated with diisocyanate-induced asthma. Toxicological Sciences 2012 129(1):166-73.]
  34. Frawley R, White K Jr, Brown R, Musgrove D, Walker N, Germolec D. Gene expression alterations in immune system pathways in the thymus after exposure to immunosuppressive chemicals. Environmental health perspectives 119(3):371-376 (2011). [Abstract Frawley R, White K Jr, Brown R, Musgrove D, Walker N, Germolec D. Gene expression alterations in immune system pathways in the thymus after exposure to immunosuppressive chemicals. Environmental health perspectives 119(3):371-376 (2011).]
  35. Corsini E, Avogadro A, Galbiati V, dell'Agli M, Marinovich M, Galli CL, Germolec DR. In vitro evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2011 250(2):108-16. [Abstract Corsini E, Avogadro A, Galbiati V, dell'Agli M, Marinovich M, Galli CL, Germolec DR. In vitro evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2011 250(2):108-16.]
  36. Auttachoat W , Germolec DR, Smith MJ, White KL, Jr, Guo TL. Contact sensitizing potential of annatto extract and its two primary color components, cis-bixin and norbixin, in female BALB/c mice. Food and chemical toxicology 2011 49(10):2638-44. [Abstract Auttachoat W , Germolec DR, Smith MJ, White KL, Jr, Guo TL. Contact sensitizing potential of annatto extract and its two primary color components, cis-bixin and norbixin, in female BALB/c mice. Food and chemical toxicology 2011 49(10):2638-44.]
  37. Guo TL, Germolec DR, Collins BJ, Luebke RW, Auttachoat W, Smith MJ, White KL. Immunotoxicological profile of chloramine in female B6C3F1 mice when administered in the drinking water for 28 days. Journal of immunotoxicology 2011 8(4):381-8. [Abstract Guo TL, Germolec DR, Collins BJ, Luebke RW, Auttachoat W, Smith MJ, White KL. Immunotoxicological profile of chloramine in female B6C3F1 mice when administered in the drinking water for 28 days. Journal of immunotoxicology 2011 8(4):381-8.]
  38. Corsini E, Oukka M, Pieters R, Kerkvliet NI, Ponce R, Germolec DR. Alterations in Regulatory T-cells: Rediscovered Pathways in Immunotoxicology. Journal of immunotoxicology 2011 8(4):251-7. [Abstract Corsini E, Oukka M, Pieters R, Kerkvliet NI, Ponce R, Germolec DR. Alterations in Regulatory T-cells: Rediscovered Pathways in Immunotoxicology. Journal of immunotoxicology 2011 8(4):251-7.]
  39. Anderson SE, Munson AE, Butterworth LF, Germeloc D, Morgan DL, Roycroft JA, Dill J, Meade BJ. Whole-body inhalation exposure to 1-bromopropane suppresses the IgM response to sheep red blood cells in female B6C3F1 mice and Fisher 344/N rats. Inhalation Toxicology 22(2):125-132 (2010). [Abstract Anderson SE, Munson AE, Butterworth LF, Germeloc D, Morgan DL, Roycroft JA, Dill J, Meade BJ. Whole-body inhalation exposure to 1-bromopropane suppresses the IgM response to sheep red blood cells in female B6C3F1 mice and Fisher 344/N rats. Inhalation Toxicology 22(2):125-132 (2010).]
  40. Guo TL, Germolec DR, Roesh DM, White KL Jr. Immunomodulation in female B₆C₃F₁ mice following treatment with the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir for 28 days by gavage. Journal of immunotoxicology 7(4):289-297 (2010). [Abstract Guo TL, Germolec DR, Roesh DM, White KL Jr. Immunomodulation in female B₆C₃F₁ mice following treatment with the HIV protease inhibitor saquinavir for 28 days by gavage. Journal of immunotoxicology 7(4):289-297 (2010).]
  41. Dietert RR, DeWitt JC, Germolec DR, Zelikoff JT. Breaking patterns of environmentally influenced disease for health risk reduction: immune perspectives. Environmental health perspectives 2010 118(8):1091-9. [Abstract Dietert RR, DeWitt JC, Germolec DR, Zelikoff JT. Breaking patterns of environmentally influenced disease for health risk reduction: immune perspectives. Environmental health perspectives 2010 118(8):1091-9.]
  42. Smith, MJ, Germolec DR, Luebke RW, Sheth CM, Auttachoat W, Guo TL, White KL Jr. Immunotoxicity of dibromoacetic acid administered via drinking water to female b6c3f1. Journal of immunotoxicology 2010 7(4):333-43. [Abstract Smith, MJ, Germolec DR, Luebke RW, Sheth CM, Auttachoat W, Guo TL, White KL Jr. Immunotoxicity of dibromoacetic acid administered via drinking water to female b6c3f1. Journal of immunotoxicology 2010 7(4):333-43.]
  43. Blood-Siegfried J, Rambaud C, Nyska A, Germolec DR. Evidence for infection, inflammation and shock in sudden infant death: parallels between a neonatal rat model fo sudden death and infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome. Innate immunity 2008 Jun;14(3):145-152. [Abstract Blood-Siegfried J, Rambaud C, Nyska A, Germolec DR. Evidence for infection, inflammation and shock in sudden infant death: parallels between a neonatal rat model fo sudden death and infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome. Innate immunity 2008 Jun;14(3):145-152.]  
  44. Valenzuela OL, Germolec DR, Borja-Aburto VH, Contreras-Ruiz J, García-Vargas GG, Del Razo LM. Chronic arsenic exposure increases TGFalpha concentration in bladder urothelial cells of Mexican populations environmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;222(3):264-270. [Abstract Valenzuela OL, Germolec DR, Borja-Aburto VH, Contreras-Ruiz J, García-Vargas GG, Del Razo LM. Chronic arsenic exposure increases TGFalpha concentration in bladder urothelial cells of Mexican populations environmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2007 Aug;222(3):264-270.]  
  45. Murphy-Ryan M, Patterson R, Germolec D. Comparison of taq enzyme preparations in multiplex RT-PCR. Vertices 2006 1 (17-19).  
  46. Luebke RW, Holsapple MP, Ladics GS, Luster MI, Selgrade M, Smialowicz RJ, Woolhiser MR, Germolec DR. Immunotoxicogenomics: the potential of genomics technology in the immunotoxicity risk assessment process. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Nov 94(1):22-7. [Abstract Luebke RW, Holsapple MP, Ladics GS, Luster MI, Selgrade M, Smialowicz RJ, Woolhiser MR, Germolec DR. Immunotoxicogenomics: the potential of genomics technology in the immunotoxicity risk assessment process. Toxicol Sci. 2006 Nov 94(1):22-7.]  
  47. Carey MA, Bradbury JA, Seubert JM, Langenbach R, Zeldin DC, Germolec DR. Contrasting effects of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 Deficiency on the host response to influenza A viral infection.  J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):6878-84. [Abstract Carey MA, Bradbury JA, Seubert JM, Langenbach R, Zeldin DC, Germolec DR. Contrasting effects of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 Deficiency on the host response to influenza A viral infection.  J Immunol. 2005 Nov 15;175(10):6878-84.]  
  48. Guo TL, Chi RP, Germolec DR, White KL Jr. Stimulation of the Immune Response in B6C3F1 Mice by Genistein Is Affected by Exposure Duration, Gender, and Litter Order.  J Nutr. 2005 Oct;135(10):2449-56. [Abstract Guo TL, Chi RP, Germolec DR, White KL Jr. Stimulation of the Immune Response in B6C3F1 Mice by Genistein Is Affected by Exposure Duration, Gender, and Litter Order.  J Nutr. 2005 Oct;135(10):2449-56.]  
  49. Prater MR, Johnson VJ, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Holladay SD. Maternal treatment with a high dose of CpG ODN during gestation alters fetal craniofacial and distal limb development in C57BL/6 mice.  Vaccine. 24(3):263-271. [Abstract Prater MR, Johnson VJ, Germolec DR, Luster MI, Holladay SD. Maternal treatment with a high dose of CpG ODN during gestation alters fetal craniofacial and distal limb development in C57BL/6 mice.  Vaccine. 24(3):263-271.]  
  50. Guo TL, Germolec DR, Musgrove DL, Delclos KB, Newbold RR, Weis C, White KL Jr. Myelotoxicity in genistein-, nonylphenol-, methoxychlor-, vinclozolin- or ethinyl estradiol-exposed F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats following developmental and adult exposures. Toxicology. 2005 Aug 1;211(3):207-19. [Abstract Guo TL, Germolec DR, Musgrove DL, Delclos KB, Newbold RR, Weis C, White KL Jr. Myelotoxicity in genistein-, nonylphenol-, methoxychlor-, vinclozolin- or ethinyl estradiol-exposed F1 generations of Sprague-Dawley rats following developmental and adult exposures. Toxicology. 2005 Aug 1;211(3):207-19.]  
  51. Xie Y, Trouba KJ, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Germolec DR. Biokinetics and subchronic toxic effects of oral arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid in v-Ha-ras transgenic (Tg.AC) mice.  Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Aug;112(12):1255-63. [Abstract Xie Y, Trouba KJ, Liu J, Waalkes MP, Germolec DR. Biokinetics and subchronic toxic effects of oral arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid in v-Ha-ras transgenic (Tg.AC) mice.  Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Aug;112(12):1255-63.]  
  52. Germolec DR, Kashon M, Nyska A, Kuper CF, Portier C, Kommineni C, Johnson KA, Luster MI.  The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals.  Toxicol Sci. 2004 Dec;82(2):504-14. Epub 2004 Sep 1. [Abstract Germolec DR, Kashon M, Nyska A, Kuper CF, Portier C, Kommineni C, Johnson KA, Luster MI.  The accuracy of extended histopathology to detect immunotoxic chemicals.  Toxicol Sci. 2004 Dec;82(2):504-14. Epub 2004 Sep 1.]  
  53. Blood-Siegfried J, Nyska A, Geisenhoffer K, Lieder H, Moomaw C, Cobb K, Shelton B, Coombs W, Germolec D.  Alteration in regulation of inflammatory response to influenza a virus and endotoxin in suckling rat pups: a potential relationship to sudden infant death syndrome.  FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2004 Sep 1;42(1):85-93.  
  54. Patterson R, Vega L, Trouba K, Bortner C, Germolec D  Arsenic-induced alterations in the contact hypersensitivity response in Balb/c mice.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2004 Aug 1;198(3):434-43  
  55. Cooper GS, Martin SA, Longnecker MP, Sandler DP, Germolec DR. Associations between plasma DDE levels and immunologic measures in African-American farmers in North Carolina.  Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jul;112(10):1080-4. [Abstract Cooper GS, Martin SA, Longnecker MP, Sandler DP, Germolec DR. Associations between plasma DDE levels and immunologic measures in African-American farmers in North Carolina.  Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jul;112(10):1080-4.]  
  56. Germolec DR. Sensitivity and predictivity in immunotoxicity testing: immune endpoints and disease resistance.  Toxicol Lett. 2004 Apr 1;149(1-3):109-14. [Abstract Germolec DR. Sensitivity and predictivity in immunotoxicity testing: immune endpoints and disease resistance.  Toxicol Lett. 2004 Apr 1;149(1-3):109-14.]  
  57. Trouba KJ, Germolec DR. Micromolar concentrations of sodium arsenite induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression and stimulate p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes.  Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jun;79(2):248-57. [Abstract Trouba KJ, Germolec DR. Micromolar concentrations of sodium arsenite induce cyclooxygenase-2 expression and stimulate p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes.  Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jun;79(2):248-57.]